A nurse is reinforcing teaching regarding the factors that can lead to obstructive sleep apnea with a group of older adults. Which of the following factors should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A. Sleepiness: Excessive daytime sleepiness is a symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), not a causative factor. While it indicates the presence of OSA, it does not contribute to its development. B. Stroke: A history of stroke can contribute to obstructive sleep apnea by affecting neurological control of the upper airway muscles. Neurological deficits may impair airway patency during sleep, increasing the risk of OSA. C. Loss of teeth: While tooth loss can alter oral anatomy, it is not a primary factor leading to OSA. Dentition status may influence airway structure minimally, but it is not a significant causative factor. D. Fatty deposits: Excess fatty tissue around the neck and upper airway can narrow the airway, increasing the likelihood of obstruction during sleep. Obesity and fat deposition are well-established risk factors for OSA. E. Muscle dysfunction: Weakness or dysfunction of the upper airway muscles can lead to collapse of the airway during sleep, contributing to obstructive events. Muscle tone is critical for maintaining airway patency.