A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is about to undergo surgery. Which of the following statements about informed consent should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. “We can accept verbal consent unless the surgical procedure is an emergency”: Verbal consent is generally insufficient for surgical procedures except in true emergencies when the client is unable to consent. Surgical informed consent typically requires written documentation to meet legal and ethical standards. B. “You can sign the informed consent form after the provider explains the pros and cons of the procedure”: Informed consent requires that the provider explain the nature of the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives before the client signs. The nurse’s role is to reinforce understanding and verify that the consent is given voluntarily. C. “A family member must witness your signature on the informed consent form.”: A family member is not required to witness informed consent. A nurse or authorized healthcare staff may serve as a witness to the client’s signature, confirming that it was signed voluntarily. D. “We require informed consent for all routine treatments.”: Routine treatments and nursing care generally fall under implied consent. Formal informed consent is required for invasive procedures, surgeries, and treatments with significant risk, not for all routine care.