A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Intravenous pyelography requires knowledge of radiopaque contrast media pharmacology and renal excretion. Understanding the necessity of post-procedure hydration and the mechanics of radiographic imaging versus ultrasonography is essential to provide accurate patient teaching regarding safety and recovery protocols. Choice A rationale This statement describes an ultrasound, not an intravenous pyelogram. An IVP uses fluoroscopy or X-ray imaging combined with intravenous iodinated contrast to visualize the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Ultrasound relies on sound waves rather than radiation or dye. Choice B rationale Iodinated contrast used in an IVP is nephrotoxic and can cause acute kidney injury. Increasing fluid intake facilitates the rapid excretion of the dye through the renal system. Normal serum creatinine levels are 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL. Choice C rationale Hematuria is often an indication for performing an IVP, as the procedure helps identify the source of bleeding such as stones or tumors. A urinalysis showing red blood cells would typically support, rather than cancel, the diagnostic process. Choice D rationale Remaining flat for four hours is a post-procedure requirement for an arteriogram or cardiac catheterization to prevent hemorrhage at the femoral puncture site. An IVP only involves a standard peripheral intravenous injection, requiring no such bedrest.