A nurse is reviewing laboratory data from a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A) Increased calcium levels are typically not expected in clients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In fact, CKD often leads to decreased calcium levels due to impaired renal function, which affects vitamin D metabolism and calcium absorption. B) Increased bicarbonate levels would suggest a metabolic alkalosis, which is not common in CKD. Clients with CKD often experience metabolic acidosis due to the kidneys' inability to excrete hydrogen ions effectively, leading to decreased bicarbonate levels. C) Increased hemoglobin levels are not expected in CKD; rather, clients often experience anemia due to decreased erythropoietin production by the kidneys. Therefore, hemoglobin levels are typically low in individuals with chronic kidney disease. D) Increased creatinine is a hallmark finding in chronic kidney disease. It indicates a decline in kidney function, as creatinine is a waste product that is normally excreted by the kidneys. Elevated creatinine levels reflect the kidneys' reduced ability to filter and excrete waste, which is characteristic of CKD.