A nurse is reviewing the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. Which of the following symptoms must be present for a client to be diagnosed with schizophrenia? (Select all that apply).

A. Lack of emotional expression: While affective flattening can occur in schizophrenia, it is not one of the core diagnostic criteria. Schizophrenia is characterized by a variety of symptoms, but the lack of emotional expression alone is not sufficient for diagnosis. B. Impaired interpersonal relationships: Although individuals with schizophrenia may experience difficulties in relationships, this is a consequence of the disorder rather than a diagnostic criterion. The focus of the diagnosis is on specific symptomatic criteria. C. Disorganized behavior: This symptom is included in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. Disorganized behavior can manifest as erratic or unpredictable actions that significantly impair functioning and are characteristic of the disorder. D. Inability to initiate activities: While avolition (lack of motivation to initiate activities) is a symptom associated with schizophrenia, it is not explicitly listed as one of the primary diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5. It may contribute to the overall picture of the disorder. E. Hallucinations: Hallucinations, particularly auditory hallucinations, are one of the hallmark symptoms of schizophrenia and are essential for diagnosis according to the DSM-5. The presence of hallucinations significantly impacts the individual's perception of reality. F. Antisocial personality: Antisocial personality disorder is a separate diagnosis and not a symptom of schizophrenia. The presence of antisocial behavior does not align with the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia.