A nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a group of clients. The nurse should identify that informed consent is required for which of the following procedures?

A. Placement of a central venous catheter: Inserting a central venous catheter is an invasive procedure with significant risks, including infection, bleeding, and pneumothorax. Informed consent is required to ensure the client understands the procedure, its risks, benefits, and alternatives before it is performed. B. Insertion of a nasogastric tube: NG tube insertion is a common, low-risk procedure typically performed by nurses as part of routine care. It generally does not require formal informed consent, though verbal explanation and client cooperation are important. C. Administration of an iron injection using Z-track technique: Administering an intramuscular injection is considered a routine nursing procedure. While clients should be informed about the medication and technique, formal written consent is not typically required. D. Irrigation of a wound with antibiotic solution: Wound irrigation is a standard nursing intervention performed as part of routine care. It does not require formal informed consent, although the client should be informed about the procedure and purpose.