A nurse is reviewing the prescriptions for a newly admitted client who is to undergo cardiac testing. For which of the following procedures should the nurse verify that the client has given written informed consent?

A. A routine, noninvasive test; no informed consent required. B. A noninvasive ultrasound; no written consent needed. C. Requires informed consent because it poses some risks (inducing chest pain, dysrhythmias, or myocardial infarction during exertion). D. Noninvasive and does not typically require informed consent unless contrast or sedation is involved.