A nurse is supervising an assistive personnel (AP) who is caring for a client with an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions taken by the AP indicates proper technique?

Rationale: A. Emptying the drainage bag when it is half full: Allowing the bag to become overly full can cause backflow of urine into the bladder, increasing infection risk and disrupting drainage. Regular emptying when half full prevents tension on the tubing and maintains unobstructed urine flow. B. Using sterile gloves when emptying the drainage bag: Sterile gloves are not required for this task. The AP should use clean gloves and maintain aseptic technique by avoiding contact with the drainage spout. C. Keeping the drainage bag above waist level: The drainage bag should always remain below the level of the bladder to allow gravity-assisted drainage. Keeping it above waist level promotes retrograde flow of urine, which can introduce bacteria into the bladder. D. Disconnecting the catheter from the drainage bag to empty the bag: The catheter and drainage system should remain a closed, continuous unit to prevent contamination. Disconnecting the system breaks sterility, increasing the risk of introducing pathogens.