A nurse is teaching a client about the seven warning signs of cancer. Which of the following signs should the nurse include as manifestations of cancer? (Select all that apply.
Explanation & Rationale
A. Nagging cough is one of the seven warning signs of cancer, particularly associated with lung or throat cancers. A persistent cough that does not resolve warrants further evaluation. B. Change in moles (size, shape, color, or texture) can indicate skin cancer, especially melanoma, and is recognized as a warning sign. C. Change in bowel pattern, such as constipation, diarrhea, or narrowing of stool, may indicate colorectal or other gastrointestinal cancers. D. Bloating is not one of the standard seven warning signs of cancer. While it can occur with certain cancers (e.g., ovarian), it is nonspecific and not included in the classic list. E. A nonhealing sore that persists for weeks can indicate skin or oral cancer and is an important warning sign.