A nurse is teaching a newborn's parent to care for the umbilical cord stump. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Choice A rationale Applying petroleum jelly to the cord stump can keep it moist, which delays drying and increases the risk of bacterial growth and infection. The goal is to keep the cord stump dry and exposed to air to promote natural drying and separation. Petroleum jelly creates an environment conducive to microbial proliferation. Choice B rationale Covering the cord with the diaper can trap moisture, promote bacterial growth, and delay the drying process of the umbilical cord stump. It also increases friction against the stump, which can cause irritation or dislodgment. Keeping the cord exposed to air facilitates desiccation and reduces infection risk. Choice C rationale Giving a sponge bath until the cord stump falls off is recommended to keep the stump dry and reduce the risk of infection. Submerging the stump in bathwater can introduce bacteria and delay drying, increasing the potential for complications. Sponge baths minimize moisture exposure. Choice D rationale Washing the cord daily with mild soap and water is generally not recommended. Excessive cleaning can remove beneficial bacteria and irritate the delicate tissue, potentially increasing the risk of infection or delayed healing. The preferred method is to keep it clean and dry with water only if necessary.