A nurse is teaching the mother of an 8-week-old infant who is breastfed about methods to manage colic. Which of the following instructions should the nurse recommend? (Select all that apply.)

The management of infantile colic requires an understanding of gastrointestinal maturity, potential allergens, and soothing techniques. Knowledge of pediatric safety, such as avoiding botulism and maintaining airway patency, is essential to differentiate between therapeutic interventions and potentially harmful traditional or dietary practices. Choice A rationale Honey is strictly contraindicated for infants under 12 months due to the risk of Clostridium botulinum spores. The infant's immature digestive system cannot neutralize these spores, leading to life-threatening botulism, which causes muscle paralysis and respiratory failure. Choice B rationale Applying high heat to an infant's abdomen poses a significant risk for thermal burns. Their skin is much thinner and more sensitive than adult skin, making heat application unsafe without a protective barrier and precise temperature regulation. Choice C rationale Non-nutritive sucking on a pacifier provides comfort and helps regulate the infant's nervous system. This action stimulates the vagus nerve and releases endorphins, which can alleviate the abdominal discomfort and agitation associated with colicky crying. Choice D rationale Star anise tea is not recommended for infants due to potential neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal distress. Formulations may be contaminated with toxic species of star anise, which can lead to seizures, vomiting, and irritability in young infants. Choice E rationale Maternal consumption of cow's milk products can lead to the presence of bovine proteins in breast milk. In sensitive infants, these proteins cause intestinal inflammation and gas, so eliminating them often reduces the severity of colic.