A nurse observes a coworker bypassing a safety step during medication administration. The nurse independently evaluates the situation and decides to report the unsafe practice. Which actions demonstrate intellectual autonomy? (Select all that apply.)

A. Determining independently that the action was unsafe: Intellectual autonomy involves forming judgments based on one’s own analysis and reasoning. Recognizing the medication administration step as unsafe without relying solely on others’ opinions reflects independent thinking and accountability. B. Thinking critically about what was observed: Critical thinking is a key component of intellectual autonomy. Evaluating the situation, considering potential patient harm, and weighing options before acting demonstrates the nurse’s ability to reason and make informed decisions. C. Waiting for someone else to notice the issue: Deferring judgment to others or waiting for someone else to act indicates a lack of independent analysis. Intellectual autonomy requires proactively evaluating and addressing concerns rather than relying on others. D. Speaking up to report the unsafe behavior: Taking initiative to communicate concerns reflects the application of independent judgment. It demonstrates responsibility for patient safety and the courage to act based on one’s own reasoning and assessment. E. Following the coworker's lead to avoid conflict: Yielding to a coworker despite recognizing a safety issue shows a lack of intellectual autonomy. Avoiding conflict at the expense of patient safety contradicts the principles of independent thinking and ethical nursing practice.