A nurse on a medical unit is assessing four clients for urinary retention. Which of the following clients have manifestations of urinary retention?

A. A client who has glucose in his urine: Glucosuria indicates uncontrolled blood glucose levels, often seen in diabetes mellitus. It is not a manifestation of urinary retention, which relates to incomplete bladder emptying. B. A client who has an elevated BUN: An elevated blood urea nitrogen level reflects impaired kidney function or dehydration. While urinary retention can eventually contribute to kidney damage, BUN alone does not specifically indicate retention. C. A client who reports urinary frequency: Frequent urination in small amounts is a classic sign of urinary retention. The bladder remains incompletely emptied, so the urge to void recurs often despite inadequate relief. D. A client who reports painful urination: Painful urination (dysuria) is more commonly associated with urinary tract infections or bladder inflammation. It is not a primary manifestation of urinary retention.