A nurse on a pediatric unit is reviewing transmission-based precautions. Which of the following communicable diseases should the nurse implement contact precautions? (Select All that Apply.)

Reviewing transmission-based precautions requires understanding how specific pathogens spread between hosts. Knowledge of microbiology, environmental stability of organisms, and infection control protocols is essential to determine whether contact, droplet, or airborne barriers are necessary to prevent healthcare-associated infections. Choice A rationale MRSA is a bacterium spread primarily through physical contact with infected skin or contaminated surfaces. Contact precautions, including gown and gloves, are required to prevent the transmission of this resistant organism to other patients and staff members. Choice B rationale VRE is highly resistant to antibiotics and colonizes the gastrointestinal tract or wounds. It survives well on environmental surfaces, making strict contact precautions essential to limit the spread of this organism within the pediatric healthcare environment. Choice C rationale Pertussis is caused by Bordetella pertussis and is transmitted via large respiratory droplets during coughing or sneezing. This requires droplet precautions, not contact precautions, as the primary mode of transmission is through the air over short distances. Choice D rationale Influenza viruses are primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person speaks or coughs. While some surface contamination occurs, standard droplet precautions are the indicated protocol for pediatric patients suspected of having the seasonal influenza infection. Choice E rationale Group A Streptococcus is typically spread through large respiratory droplets or direct contact with secretions. In most clinical settings, droplet precautions are implemented for the first 24 hours of effective antibiotic therapy to prevent healthcare-associated transmission.