A nurse reads in a drug information guide that PO morphine has a high first-pass effect. Which of the following would the nurse expect?

A. A high first-pass effect means that a significant amount of the drug is metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation, making oral administration less effective. B. Morphine with a high first-pass effect will be more effective when administered via non-enteral routes, such as IV or subcutaneous, to bypass the liver's initial metabolism. C. The first-pass effect does not influence the kidney’s rate of excretion but rather the liver’s initial metabolism of the drug. D. The liver, not the kidneys, is responsible for the first-pass metabolism, which occurs before the drug reaches systemic circulation when taken orally.