A nurse should assess a cancer patient's nutritional status by:

Rationale: A. Reviewing their medical history and medications is correct because nutritional status in cancer patients can be affected by multiple factors, including prior illnesses, treatments (like chemotherapy or radiation), surgeries, and medications that influence appetite, digestion, absorption, or metabolism. Assessing these factors helps the nurse identify risks for malnutrition, weight loss, or specific nutrient deficiencies. B. Monitoring their blood pressure is incorrect because blood pressure primarily reflects cardiovascular and fluid status, not nutrition. While extremely malnourished patients may develop hypotension, blood pressure alone is not a reliable indicator of nutritional status. C. Checking their urine output is incorrect because urine output reflects kidney function, hydration status, and fluid balance rather than protein, calorie, or micronutrient intake. Normal urine output does not mean the patient is nutritionally adequate. D. Assessing their lung sounds is incorrect because lung sounds evaluate respiratory function and the presence of conditions like pneumonia or fluid overload. They do not provide information about caloric intake, protein stores, or vitamin and mineral deficiencies, which are key indicators of nutrition.