A nurse should identify that which of the following factors is a protective factor that prevents adults from developing addictions?

A. Being a parent can motivate some individuals to avoid harmful behaviors; however, it is not a consistent protective factor. Parents may still experience stress, social pressure, or mental health challenges that can increase the risk of substance use. Parenting alone does not guarantee prevention of addiction. B. Passive personality is actually a potential risk factor for addiction rather than a protective factor. Individuals who are passive or dependent may struggle with assertiveness, have difficulty resisting peer pressure, and may rely on substances to cope with stress or social situations, increasing vulnerability to addiction. C. Single status is also not a protective factor. Lack of stable relationships or social support can increase isolation, stress, and susceptibility to unhealthy coping mechanisms such as substance use. Protective effects are more associated with healthy, supportive relationships, not simply marital or relationship status. D. Positive self-image is a strong protective factor. Adults with a healthy sense of self-esteem and self-worth are more likely to use adaptive coping strategies, set healthy boundaries, make responsible choices, and seek help when stressed. They are less likely to rely on substances as a means of coping with emotional or social challenges. Maintaining a positive self-image helps buffer against stressors that might otherwise contribute to addictive behaviors.