A nurse should recognize that exophthalmos (protruding eyeballs) may occur in children with:

Rationale: A. Hypothyroidism typically causes features like fatigue, weight gain, bradycardia, and facial puffiness—not exophthalmos. B. Hyperthyroidism, especially in Graves' disease (the most common cause in children), is associated with exophthalmos due to inflammation and swelling behind the eyes. C. Hyperparathyroidism mainly affects calcium and phosphate metabolism and does not result in eye changes like exophthalmos. D. Hypoparathyroidism is associated with hypocalcemia symptoms such as muscle cramps or tetany, not eye protrusion.