A nurse teaches a client with diabetes mellitus about foot care. Which statements should the nurse include in this client's teaching? (Select all that apply).

Choice A rationale: Peripheral neuropathy and decreased circulation make the feet of a person with diabetes susceptible to injury and infection. Walking barefoot increases the risk of stepping on sharp objects or sustaining cuts, which may go unnoticed due to sensory loss. Proper footwear is essential to protect the feet from injury. Choice B rationale: Soaking the feet, especially in hot water, can lead to maceration of the skin, making it more prone to fungal infections and breakdown. Due to nerve damage, a client with diabetes may not accurately perceive water temperature, risking burns. It is recommended to wash the feet with lukewarm water and pat them dry. Choice C rationale: Trimming toenails straight across prevents ingrown toenails, a common source of foot infections. Ingrown nails can cause skin breakdown, creating an entry point for bacteria. Diabetic clients should avoid cutting the nails in a curved fashion to prevent this complication and should be cautious to avoid cutting the cuticles. Choice D rationale: Epsom salts are a magnesium sulfate solution. They can be very drying to the skin, which is already prone to cracking in diabetic individuals, increasing the risk of infection. Furthermore, they are not an effective treatment for blisters or sores and could exacerbate the problem by irritating the skin. Choice E rationale: Washing the feet every day is crucial for maintaining hygiene and inspecting for any cuts, sores, or changes. Daily washing with mild soap and lukewarm water helps prevent bacterial and fungal infections. Waiting until every other day to wash the feet increases the risk of infection.