A nurse teaches a wilderness survival class. Which statement should the nurse include about the prevention of cold-related injuries?

Rationale: A. Staying hydrated is indeed important in cold environments because dehydration can impair thermoregulation and increase susceptibility to hypothermia. However, alcohol consumption, including brandy, is dangerous in the cold. Alcohol causes peripheral vasodilation, which increases heat loss from the body’s core to the environment. This gives a false sensation of warmth while actually accelerating body heat loss, increasing the risk of hypothermia and cold-related injuries. B. Sunglasses do protect against ultraviolet (UV) radiation and snow blindness, which are real concerns in snowy or high-altitude environments. However, wearing sunglasses does not prevent cold-related injuries such as frostbite or hypothermia, so it is not the most relevant preventive measure for cold exposure. C. The head is a major site of heat loss, especially in cold environments. Wearing a hat or other head covering is essential to retain core body temperature. Removing the hat increases heat loss, accelerates cooling, and raises the risk for hypothermia, even during exercise. D. Proper layering of clothing is a primary strategy for preventing cold-related injuries. The inner layer should be windproof and breathable to protect against wind chill, which can rapidly lower skin and core temperatures, while allowing sweat and moisture to escape. Moisture that is trapped next to the skin can accelerate heat loss and increase the risk of frostbite and hypothermia. This layering approach helps maintain a stable microclimate close to the body, balancing warmth and moisture control, which is essential in cold weather survival.