A patient is worried about the risk of developing Alzheimer disease, because both parents had the disease. The nurse will tell this patient that known risk factors include what? (Select all that apply. One, some, or all) (Select All that Apply.)

A. While excessive alcohol use can have neurotoxic effects and contribute to cognitive impairment, it is not a well-established primary risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD). Alcoholism may worsen symptoms but is not a direct cause of AD. B. Gender is a known risk factor; women are at higher risk of developing Alzheimer disease, possibly due to longevity and hormonal factors. Nurses should include this when educating patients about risk. C. Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for vascular disease and may indirectly affect cognitive function, but it is not considered a primary established risk factor for Alzheimer disease. D. Advanced age is the strongest known risk factor for AD. The incidence increases significantly after age 65, and risk continues to rise with increasing age. E. Family history and genetics play a significant role. Having first-degree relatives with Alzheimer disease increases a person’s risk, especially with early-onset forms linked to specific genetic mutations.