A patient on hemodialysis asks about dietary restrictions. Which of the following foods should the nurse advise the patient to limit?

A. Lean meats is incorrect because protein intake is important for patients on hemodialysis to replace protein lost during treatment. Lean meats are generally encouraged, though intake may be adjusted based on lab values such as BUN and albumin. B. Fresh fruits is partially correct, but not all fruits need to be restricted. Fruits that are low in potassium can usually be eaten in moderation. The main concern is fruits high in potassium. C. Whole grains is incorrect because whole grains provide fiber and other nutrients. They are generally not restricted unless there are specific concerns related to phosphorus content, which can sometimes require portion control. D. Bananas and oranges is correct because these fruits are high in potassium, which can accumulate in patients with renal failure. Elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia) are dangerous and can lead to cardiac arrhythmias or arrest. Patients on hemodialysis need to monitor and often limit high-potassium foods.