A patient stung by a bee presents to the emergency department. The patient is experiencing hives and redness at the site. Upon arrival, the patient states, "I feel a lump in my throat and I am sweating. I can't breathe!! think I am going to die!" The nurse anticipates which emergency treatment next?

A. Administer an injection of epinephrine stat: The patient’s symptoms are classic signs of anaphylaxis, a severe IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment because it stimulates alpha-1 receptors (causing vasoconstriction to reduce edema and hypotension) and beta-2 receptors (producing bronchodilation). Immediate intramuscular administration prevents airway obstruction and cardiovascular collapse. B. Administer oxygen 4 liters via nasal cannula: Supplemental oxygen supports oxygenation during respiratory distress but does not reverse the underlying pathophysiology of anaphylaxis. It does not address airway edema, bronchospasm, or vasodilation. Oxygen is an important adjunct after epinephrine, but it is not the priority intervention in a rapidly progressing allergic reaction. C. Administer albuterol 2 puffs stat: Albuterol is a beta-2 agonist that provides bronchodilation and may help relieve bronchospasm. However, it does not reduce laryngeal edema or counteract systemic vasodilation and hypotension. In anaphylaxis, albuterol is considered secondary therapy and should not delay epinephrine administration. D. Have the patient in high Fowler's position in the bed: Positioning may help ease breathing effort by optimizing lung expansion. However, it does not treat airway edema, bronchoconstriction, or the systemic vasodilatory effects of anaphylaxis. Supportive measures such as positioning are important but must follow immediate administration of epinephrine.