A patient undergoing surgery requires perioperative nursing care to reduce risks. What action demonstrates evidence-based perioperative practices?

Perioperative care focuses on preventing surgical site infections, maintaining hemodynamic stability, and reducing complications related to anesthesia and tissue injury. One key evidence-based strategy is antimicrobial prophylaxis, which targets bacterial contamination during incision and early operative exposure. Rationale: A. Administration of prophylactic antibiotics prior to surgical incision reduces surgical site infection risk by ensuring adequate tissue drug concentration at the time of microbial exposure. This is a well-established evidence-based perioperative intervention included in surgical safety guidelines. B. Complete bed rest for 48 hours increases risks of venous thromboembolism, atelectasis, and delayed recovery. Evidence supports early mobilization rather than prolonged immobility to reduce postoperative complications. C. Exclusive use of alternative therapies does not adequately manage acute postoperative pain or meet evidence-based analgesic standards. Multimodal pain management, including pharmacologic therapy, is required for effective pain control. D. Drinking fluids immediately before surgery increases risk of aspiration during anesthesia induction due to delayed gastric emptying. Patients are typically kept nil per os (NPO) before surgery to ensure airway safety.