A person was online continuously for over 24 hours, posting rhymes on official government Websites and inviting politicians to join social networks. The person has not slept or eaten for 3 days. What features of mania are evident?
Explanation & Rationale
Choice A reason: Vegetative signs typically refer to the slowing of bodily functions, such as increased sleep and constipation, often seen in depression. While "not eating" can occur in mania, the overall description of rhymes and intense online activity suggests high energy rather than the lethargy associated with poor grooming. Choice B reason: Increased muscle tension and anxiety are primary symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder or panic states. While a manic patient may feel "wired," their behavior is characterized more by expansive energy, grandiosity, and goal-directed activity than by the fearful apprehension seen in clinical anxiety. Choice C reason: While manic patients may eventually become paranoid if psychosis develops, the specific behaviors described—excessive posting and lack of sleep—are hallmark signs of behavioral dysregulation and psychomotor agitation. Cognitive deficits in mania are usually related to distractibility rather than a permanent loss of cognitive function. Choice D reason: Remaining online for 24 hours and contacting public officials inappropriately demonstrates poor judgment and a lack of impulse control. The inability to stop for sleep or food for 3 days is a clear indicator of psychomotor hyperactivity, which is a core diagnostic feature of a manic episode.