A school nurse is assessing an adolescent who reports feeling shaky and having difficulty speaking and concentrating on the questions the nurse is asking. The nurse checks the adolescent's blood glucose level and identifies a 55 mg per deciliter value. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Explanation & Rationale
Choice A reason: Polyuria is associated with hyperglycemia, as in diabetes, where excess glucose causes osmotic diuresis. Hypoglycemia (55 mg/dL) does not cause polyuria; instead, it triggers neurological symptoms like shakiness due to low brain glucose, making this an incorrect finding. Choice B reason: Dry, flushed skin is typical of hyperglycemia or dehydration, not hypoglycemia. Low blood sugar (55 mg/dL) causes sympathetic activation, leading to sweating and pallor, not dry skin, as the body attempts to restore glucose levels, making this incorrect. Choice C reason: Tachycardia is expected in hypoglycemia (55 mg/dL), as low glucose triggers sympathetic nervous system activation, releasing catecholamines like epinephrine. This increases heart rate to enhance blood flow and glucose delivery to the brain, a compensatory response to neuroglycopenia. Choice D reason: Deep, rapid respirations (Kussmaul breathing) occur in diabetic ketoacidosis to compensate for metabolic acidosis, not hypoglycemia. A blood glucose of 55 mg/dL causes neurological symptoms like shakiness, not respiratory changes, making this an incorrect expected finding.