After taking fluphenazine for several days, a client states to the nurse, "For some reason I can't sit still restless all the time." The nursing assessment of this client is likely to indicate which of the following?
Explanation & Rationale
A) Tardive dyskinesia: Tardive dyskinesia is a late-onset movement disorder that causes repetitive, involuntary movements, such as tongue protrusion or lip smacking. It typically develops after long-term use of antipsychotics like fluphenazine. Since the client reports restlessness shortly after starting the medication, this is unlikely to be tardive dyskinesia, which takes months to years to develop. B) Pseudoparkinsonism: Pseudoparkinsonism is a side effect of antipsychotics that causes symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. While restlessness is not a hallmark symptom of pseudoparkinsonism, it could lead to a lack of coordination or stiffness, but it does not explain the client's feeling of being restless all the time. C) Akathisia: Akathisia is a common side effect of antipsychotics, including fluphenazine. It is characterized by an intense feeling of restlessness and an inability to sit still, often accompanied by an urge to move. This matches the client's description of being restless and unable to sit still, making akathisia the most likely cause of their symptoms. D) Acute dystonia: Acute dystonia involves painful, muscle spasms or abnormal postures, such as twisting of the neck or eyes rolling back, which can occur shortly after taking antipsychotics. However, this condition typically causes muscle rigidity or spasms rather than the restlessness that the client describes, making it less likely in this case.