After the nurse witnesses a preoperative client signing the surgical consent form, the nurse signs the form as a witness. Which is (are) the legal implication(s) of the nurse's signature on the client's surgical consent form? Select all that apply.

A. The client is competent to sign the consent without impairment of judgment: By witnessing the signature, the nurse confirms the client appears alert, oriented, and capable of making an informed decision without evidence of coercion or impaired judgment. B. Verifies that the client understands the procedure that is being performed: Ensuring client understanding of the procedure is the surgeon’s responsibility, not the nurse's; the nurse only verifies the client's signature and apparent willingness. C. The client voluntarily grants permission for the procedure to be done: The nurse’s signature confirms that the client willingly and voluntarily signed the consent form without being forced or unduly influenced. D. The surgeon has explained to the client why the surgery is necessary: Verifying that the surgeon has explained the surgery and its necessity falls within the surgeon's legal and ethical responsibilities, not the nurse’s role as a witness. E. The client understands the risks and benefits associated with the procedure: It is the surgeon’s duty to discuss the risks and benefits; the nurse’s role is only to witness the signing, not to assess or confirm the depth of the client’s understanding.