An adolescent client is admitted to the postoperative unit following open reduction of a fractured femur which occurred when the client fell down the stairs at a party. The nurse notices needle marks on the client's arms. Which assessment findings should the nurse document related to suspected narcotic withdrawal?
Explanation & Rationale
A. Vomiting, seizures, and loss of consciousness: These are more characteristic of severe alcohol withdrawal or other central nervous system depressant withdrawal rather than opioid withdrawal. While nausea may occur in opioid withdrawal, seizures and LOC are uncommon. B. Depression, fatigue, and dizziness: These symptoms can be seen in general post-operative recovery or with depression but are not the hallmark signs of opioid withdrawal. They lack the acute autonomic and somatic manifestations typical of narcotic withdrawal. C. Agitation, sweating, and abdominal cramps: These are classic signs of opioid withdrawal. Agitation reflects CNS hyperactivity, sweating indicates autonomic overactivity, and abdominal cramps result from increased GI motility caused by sudden cessation of opioid effects. These findings should be carefully documented and monitored. D. Hypotension, shallow respirations, and dilated pupils: Opioid intoxication typically causes hypotension, respiratory depression, and constricted pupils, whereas withdrawal usually presents with dilated pupils and hyperactive autonomic responses rather than shallow respirations or hypotension.