An adolescent with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comes to the clinic for the first time. Which intervention(s) should the nurse implement? Select all that apply.

Rationale: A. Consider having the teen's caregiver wait in the clinic reception area: Adolescents with ASD may experience heightened anxiety in unfamiliar environments. Having their caregiver nearby can offer a sense of security and comfort, making the experience less overwhelming. B. Encourage the adolescent to handle the physical exam instruments: Allowing the adolescent to touch and explore the equipment before use helps reduce sensory-related anxiety. It also increases cooperation by promoting a sense of predictability and control. C. Allow time for talking before beginning the physical assessment: Taking time to communicate and build rapport before initiating the assessment helps reduce anxiety and fosters trust. Many adolescents with ASD need more time to process information and adjust to new interactions. D. Familiarize the adolescent with the clinic setting and healthcare staff: Gradual exposure to the physical space and people helps reduce sensory overload and builds comfort with the environment. Structured familiarity can prevent overstimulation and improve cooperation. E. Make every effort to establish eye contact with the adolescent: Insisting on eye contact can increase distress, as many individuals with ASD find direct eye contact uncomfortable or overwhelming. Respecting their communication style is more effective than imposing neurotypical expectations.