An adult male client tells the nurse that he smokes approximately one pack of cigarettes daily. How can the nurse expect smoking to affect this client's sleep?

A. Nicotine’s impact on REM sleep is not as direct as this option suggests. REM sleep can be reduced, but it is not directly linked to a decreased need for REM sleep. B. This option may be true for some individuals, but smoking typically causes disruptions throughout the night, not just in the second half. C. Smoking has been shown to increase sleep latency (the time it takes to fall asleep) and reduce total sleep time due to nicotine’s stimulant effect and withdrawal symptoms during sleep. D. Difficulty falling asleep and light sleep with frequent arousals are common effects of smoking due to nicotine’s stimulant properties and withdrawal during the night.