An adult male client tells the nurse that he smokes approximately one pack of cigarettes daily. How can the nurse expect smoking to affect this client's sleep?

A. Decrease the need for rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Smoking does not decrease the need for REM sleep, but nicotine withdrawal during sleep can disrupt REM cycles, leading to fragmented sleep and increased arousals. B. Increase sleep latency, and reduce total sleep time. While smoking can increase sleep latency (time taken to fall asleep), its primary effects are lighter sleep and frequent arousals rather than a direct reduction in total sleep time. C. He would have difficulty falling asleep, and sleep very lightly with more frequent arousals. Nicotine is a stimulant that increases alertness and can cause difficulty falling asleep (insomnia). Smokers often experience lighter sleep with more awakenings, especially due to nicotine withdrawal overnight, making this the best answer. D. He would sleep soundly during the first half of the night, with increased arousals during the second half. Nicotine disrupts sleep continuity throughout the entire night, rather than only affecting the second half. Smokers often struggle with both sleep onset and maintenance due to nicotine’s stimulant effects and withdrawal symptoms.