An emergency department nurse assesses a client with heat exhaustion. Which findings should the nurse anticipate?

Rationale: A. Heat exhaustion typically presents with normal to slightly elevated body temperature, usually below 40°C. A core temperature above 40°C indicates heat stroke, a more severe heat-related illness that involves central nervous system dysfunction and potential organ failure. Therefore, a temperature of 40.9°C is not expected in heat exhaustion. B. While tachycardia and hypotension can occur in heat exhaustion due to fluid and electrolyte loss, hot, dry skin is a hallmark of heat stroke, not heat exhaustion. In heat exhaustion, the body continues to sweat profusely as a compensatory mechanism to dissipate heat. The presence of dry skin would suggest progression to a more severe condition. C. Profuse sweating and tachycardia are indeed common in heat exhaustion, reflecting dehydration and sympathetic nervous system activation. However, confusion or altered mental status is more characteristic of heat stroke, indicating central nervous system involvement. In true heat exhaustion, cognitive function is generally preserved, though the client may feel weak or fatigued. D. These are classic signs of heat exhaustion, resulting from fluid and electrolyte loss and decreased perfusion due to prolonged heat exposure. Additional symptoms may include fatigue, muscle cramps, mild tachycardia, and pallor. The presence of intact mental status differentiates heat exhaustion from heat stroke. Early recognition and management with oral or IV fluids, cooling measures, and rest in a cool environment are essential to prevent progression.