An older adult client with a history of heart failure (HF) is brought to the clinic by a family member. Which finding(s) confirm to the nurse that the client is experiencing an exacerbation of the HP? Select all that apply.

A. Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is a common symptom of heart failure exacerbation. It occurs because the heart is unable to effectively pump blood, leading to pulmonary congestion and fluid accumulation in the lungs. This symptom is significant in confirming an exacerbation of heart failure. B. Peripheral edema, or swelling of the legs and ankles, is another common sign of heart failure exacerbation. It results from fluid buildup due to the heart's decreased ability to manage blood volume effectively. This finding is indicative of fluid retention and can confirm an exacerbation of heart failure. C. Intercostal retractions are typically seen in respiratory distress, especially in conditions affecting the lungs or severe respiratory conditions. While they can occur with severe pulmonary congestion in heart failure, they are more directly associated with respiratory issues rather than specifically confirming heart failure exacerbation. D. Headaches are not a typical or primary symptom of heart failure exacerbation. They can be associated with various conditions but are not specific to heart failure. This symptom is less relevant in confirming an exacerbation of heart failure. E. Jugular venous distension is a classic sign of right-sided heart failure or fluid overload. It occurs when there is increased pressure in the venous system due to the heart's inability to handle blood volume effectively.