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    Med Surg Proctored ExamQuestion 44
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    Med Surg Proctored Exam

    An older client is admitted with a change in mental status, but no other motor deficits are observed. The caregiver tells the nurse that the client seemed okay yesterday but confused today. How should the nurse respond?

    Explanation & Rationale

    Acute delirium in older adults reflects sudden cognitive decline caused by systemic infection, metabolic disturbance, or medication effects leading to fluctuating attention and impaired consciousness with reversible pathology state changes. Rationale: A. Stroke typically presents with stroke causing sudden neurological impairment. However, it usually includes focal deficits such as weakness or speech changes. Isolated mental status change without motor findings is less characteristic. Therefore, stroke is unlikely explanation in this case presentation. B. Sudden cognitive change in older adults is not rare and often represents delirium. It is frequently triggered by infection, dehydration, or medications. Elderly patients are particularly vulnerable due to age-related physiological decline. Statement underestimates clinical significance of acute confusion episodes. C. Acute confusion in older adults commonly indicates delirium secondary to underlying infection. Urinary tract and respiratory infections are frequent precipitants in this population. No focal neurological deficits support a systemic rather than structural cause. Requires urgent infection evaluation and treatment. D. Mental status changes are not a normal aging process finding in older adults. Baseline cognition in healthy aging remains stable without acute fluctuations. Sudden cognitive decline suggests pathology such as delirium or dementia. Therefore, this interpretation is clinically incorrect statement.

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