Carper's patterns of nursing knowledge include all of the following, except:

A. Empirical knowing is the science of nursing—knowledge that comes from research, facts, and objective evidence. It focuses on observable phenomena and can be verified scientifically. B. Clinical knowing is not one of Carper’s four fundamental patterns of knowing. While clinical skills and judgment are essential to nursing, Carper’s framework specifically identifies empirical, ethical, personal, and aesthetic knowing. C. Ethical knowing relates to the moral component of nursing practice—understanding what is right, what is responsible, and how to make principled decisions in complex care situations. D. Personal knowing emphasizes the nurse’s self-awareness, therapeutic use of self, and authenticity in the nurse–patient relationship.