Exhibits The practical nurse (PN) notifies the healthcare provider that the client continues to have signs of fluid volume deficit. The health care provider prescribes a continuous infusion of isotonic fluids. Which fluid(s) is/are classified as isotonic? Select all that apply.

A. 50% dextrose 50% dextrose is not isotonic; it is a hypertonic solution. Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cells, causing water to move out of the cells and into the extracellular space, which does not treat fluid volume deficit effectively. B. 0.45% sodium chloride 0.45% sodium chloride, also known as half-normal saline, is a hypotonic solution. Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of solutes compared to the cells, which would cause water to move into the cells rather than stay in the extracellular space to address fluid volume deficit. C. 20% dextrose 20% dextrose is a hypertonic solution. It contains a higher concentration of dextrose compared to the extracellular fluid, which draws water into the extracellular space but is not used for treating fluid volume deficits. D. 5% dextrose 5% dextrose (D5W) is initially isotonic but becomes hypotonic once metabolized, as the dextrose is used up and only water remains. It is not suitable for continuous isotonic fluid therapy for fluid volume deficit. E. 5% dextrose with 0.45% sodium chloride 5% dextrose with 0.45% sodium chloride is a hypertonic solution. While it starts isotonic, it becomes hypotonic once the dextrose is metabolized, making it unsuitable for long-term isotonic fluid replacement. F. 5% dextrose with lactated Ringer's 5% dextrose with lactated Ringer's is a hypertonic solution. It contains both dextrose and electrolytes, which are not purely isotonic and may not be ideal for addressing fluid volume deficits on their own. G. Lactated Ringer's Lactated Ringer's is an isotonic solution. It has a similar osmolarity to plasma and is used for fluid volume replacement, helping to restore blood volume and maintain electrolyte balance. H. 0.9% sodium chloride 0.9% sodium chloride, or normal saline, is an isotonic solution. It has the same osmolarity as plasma and is commonly used for fluid volume replacement and maintaining hydration