Following involvement in a motor vehicle collision, a middle-aged adult client is admitted to the hospital with multiple facial fractures. The client's blood alcohol level is high on admission. Which PRN prescription should be administered if the client begins to exhibit signs and symptoms of delirium tremens (DTs)?
Explanation & Rationale
A. Chlorpromazine 50 mg IM: Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic used for agitation or psychosis, but it is not the first-line treatment for alcohol withdrawal or delirium tremens. It may lower the seizure threshold and does not address the underlying CNS hyperexcitability of DTs. B. Lorazepam 2 mg IM: Lorazepam, a benzodiazepine, is the preferred PRN medication for managing delirium tremens. It reduces CNS hyperactivity, prevents seizures, and controls agitation safely. Benzodiazepines are the standard treatment for acute alcohol withdrawal and DTs. C. Hydromorphone 2 mg IM: Hydromorphone is an opioid analgesic and has no efficacy in treating alcohol withdrawal or delirium tremens. Its sedative effects do not prevent seizures and could worsen respiratory depression. D. Prochlorperazine 5 mg IM: Prochlorperazine is an antiemetic and antipsychotic used primarily for nausea, vomiting, or psychotic agitation. It is not indicated for managing delirium tremens and does not treat the hyperadrenergic state or prevent seizures associated with alcohol withdrawal.