For each of the following potential antihypertensive medications, indicate whether it is recommended or not recommended for use in a pregnant client.
Explanation & Rationale
Choice A rationale Methyldopa is a first-line antihypertensive for pregnancy-induced hypertension. It is safe, effective, and preferred due to its minimal placental transfer and limited fetal impact. Choice B rationale Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, is contraindicated in pregnancy due to teratogenic risks, including fetal renal malformations and oligohydramnios. It poses significant dangers to fetal health. Choice C rationale Labetalol, a combined alpha and beta-blocker, is recommended for managing hypertensive crises in pregnancy. It offers effective blood pressure control with a favorable safety profile. Choice D rationale Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, is not recommended in pregnancy. It risks fetal toxicity, including kidney dysfunction and growth restriction, similar to ACE inhibitors. Choice E rationale Hydralazine is a vasodilator safe for pregnancy. It is recommended for treating severe hypertensive emergencies, particularly in preeclampsia, due to its efficacy in reducing vascular resistance.