Identify effective strategies to use when communicating with a 75-year-old client with late-stage dementia. (Select all that apply.)

Choice A reason: Asking one Question at a time reduces cognitive load for a client with late-stage dementia. These clients often have impaired short-term memory and difficulty processing complex information. By limiting communication to one Question , the nurse ensures clarity and prevents confusion, which enhances the likelihood of an appropriate response. Choice B reason: Frequently redirecting to reality is not effective in late-stage dementia. At this stage, clients often experience profound memory loss and disorientation that cannot be corrected by reality orientation. Attempting to redirect them can increase agitation and frustration. Instead, validation therapy or focusing on comfort is more appropriate. Choice C reason: Giving one instruction at a time is essential because dementia impairs executive functioning and the ability to follow multi-step directions. Breaking tasks into single, simple instructions allows the client to process and complete them successfully, reducing anxiety and promoting cooperation. Choice D reason: Positioning yourself at eye level with the client promotes dignity, respect, and effective communication. Eye-level positioning reduces intimidation, fosters trust, and helps the client focus on facial cues and lip movements, which are critical when verbal comprehension is impaired. Choice E reason: Allowing time for the client to respond is crucial because dementia slows cognitive processing. Clients may need extended time to interpret the Question and formulate a response. Rushing them can cause frustration and withdrawal, while patience supports engagement and reduces stress.