Identify the instruments commonly used for female genital mutilation (FGM).

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is often performed in non-clinical settings using rudimentary and non-sterile tools. The use of unsterilized cutting implements significantly increases the risk of immediate complications, including sepsis, tetanus, and massive hemorrhage, while the lack of surgical precision leads to extensive fibrotic scarring and permanent anatomical distortion. Rationale: A. Although there is a concerning global trend toward the medicalization of FGM, where healthcare providers perform the procedure, the majority of cases worldwide, especially in rural or traditional settings, still involve the use of non-medical, primitive instruments by traditional practitioners. B. Some practitioners may attempt to use traditional instruments, but the term "sterilized" is rarely applicable in these contexts. Most procedures are performed without access to autoclaves or medical-grade disinfectants, leading to the high transmission rate of bloodborne pathogens among girls undergoing the procedure in groups. C. The most documented instruments used include razor blades, kitchen knives, scissors, and even sharp glass shards or tin lids. These items are often reused on multiple girls without cleaning, which facilitates the rapid spread of infections and causes irregular tissue damage that complicates future obstetric care. D. Although items like strings, thorns, or straws are frequently used in Type 3 (infibulation) to stitch the labia together or maintain a small hole for urine and menses, they are not the primary cutting instruments. These materials serve as adjuncts for the post-cutting closure rather than the actual excision of the tissue.