In acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), seizures may develop due to ______ ,while cardiac arrhythmias are most often associated with ______.

Rationale for correct choices: Hyponatremia: In AGN, fluid retention can dilute serum sodium, leading to hyponatremia. Low sodium levels disrupt neuronal function, increasing the risk of cerebral edema and seizures, which require immediate monitoring and intervention. Hyperkalemia: Impaired renal excretion of potassium in AGN causes hyperkalemia. Elevated potassium levels alter cardiac conduction, increasing the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias, making ECG monitoring and prompt management critical. Rationale for incorrect choices: Hypoglycemia: Blood glucose disturbances are not a typical complication of AGN, and hypoglycemia does not directly cause seizures or arrhythmias. Hypernatremia: AGN usually causes fluid retention, leading to dilutional hyponatremia rather than hypernatremia. Hypernatremia is not associated with seizure development in these patients. Hypokalemia: Low potassium is uncommon in AGN because renal excretion is impaired; hypokalemia is more often related to gastrointestinal losses or diuretics. Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood glucose is not a primary complication of AGN and does not directly lead to seizures or cardiac arrhythmias in this population.