Interventions for a client with panic disorder include which of the following? Select all that apply.

Choice A reason: Encouraging the client to verbalize feelings is therapeutic because it helps the client process emotions, reduce internal tension, and gain insight into triggers. Verbalization also allows the nurse to assess the severity of symptoms and provide appropriate support. Choice B reason: Telling the client to ignore anxious feelings is ineffective and potentially harmful. Ignoring anxiety does not resolve it and can worsen symptoms by reinforcing avoidance and denial. Choice C reason: Teaching relaxation exercises is evidence-based and helps reduce sympathetic nervous system activation. Techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and guided imagery empower the client to manage anxiety independently. Choice D reason: Reminding the client to practice relaxation when anxiety is low reinforces skill-building. Practicing during calm periods ensures the client can effectively use relaxation techniques during acute anxiety episodes. Choice E reason: Helping the client avoid panic-producing situations is maladaptive. Avoidance reinforces fear and prevents the client from learning coping strategies. Exposure therapy, not avoidance, is the recommended approach. Choice F reason: Teaching reframing techniques helps the client challenge distorted thoughts and replace them with realistic, adaptive perspectives. This cognitive restructuring reduces catastrophic thinking and promotes resilience.