JA is a 39-year-old male who presents to an urgent care clinic with dizziness, palpitations, and sweating. His past medical history is significant for asthma and allergies. He states he is recovering from a sinus infection and took Sudafed earlier this morning. His vital signs will be taken in clinic. JA's heart rate is currently 135 bpm. Based on the measured heart rate, JA is experiencing which of the following?

A. Bradycardia: Bradycardia refers to a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute in adults. JA’s heart rate of 135 bpm is well above this threshold, so bradycardia is not present. B. Orthopnea: Orthopnea describes shortness of breath that occurs when lying flat, commonly associated with heart failure. It is a symptom, not a measure of heart rate, and is not indicated in this scenario. C. Tachycardia: Tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute in adults. JA’s heart rate of 135 bpm indicates sinus tachycardia, which may be triggered by stimulants like Sudafed, infection, or sympathetic activation. D. Normal heart rate: Normal adult heart rate ranges from 60–100 bpm at rest. JA’s rate exceeds this range, so it does not represent a normal heart rate.