Of the following responses, what would you expect to see in left sided heart failure? (Select all that apply)

A. Left-sided heart failure leads to pulmonary congestion because the left ventricle cannot pump blood effectively, causing increased pulmonary venous pressure. This manifests as an elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), tachycardia, and tachypnea as compensatory mechanisms to maintain oxygenation and cardiac output. B. While cough can occur in left-sided heart failure due to pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema is more characteristic of right-sided heart failure, not left-sided. Cough alone without other pulmonary signs is nonspecific. C. Dyspnea on exertion or at rest is a hallmark of left-sided failure due to pulmonary fluid accumulation. Weight gain may occur from fluid retention, and Cheyne-Stokes respiration, a pattern of periodic breathing, can occur in advanced left-sided heart failure, particularly at night. D. Fatigue results from decreased cardiac output, and crackles (rales) on auscultation indicate fluid in the alveoli from pulmonary congestion. A persistent cough is also associated with left-sided heart failure due to fluid buildup in the lungs. E. Jugular venous distention (JVD) and hepatomegaly/ascites (increased abdominal girth) are classic signs of right-sided heart failure, not left-sided. Left-sided failure primarily affects the lungs, not systemic venous circulation. F. Pulmonary edema may occur secondary to left ventricular dysfunction. An S3 gallop reflects increased volume in the ventricle during diastole, while an S4 gallop indicates stiff or noncompliant ventricles, both of which are associated with left-sided heart failure. Peripheral edema is less prominent but may appear if failure progresses to biventricular involvement.