Parents of a preschooler with cerebral palsy ask the nurse what the surgeon plans to implant in their child's body to control spasticity. What is the nurse's answer.

Choice A rationale Botulinum toxin, commonly known as Botox, is a neurotoxin that is typically injected directly into specific spastic muscles to temporarily block the release of acetylcholine, thereby reducing muscle overactivity and spasticity. It is not an implanted device but an injection, and its effects are localized and temporary. Choice B rationale A central venous catheter (CVC) is a line placed into a large vein, typically used for administering medications, fluids, or nutrition, or for drawing blood, especially for long-term or irritating infusions. It has no role in the direct management or control of spasticity associated with cerebral palsy. Choice C rationale A baclofen pump is a surgically implanted device that delivers the antispasmodic medication baclofen directly into the intrathecal space surrounding the spinal cord. This localized delivery provides superior spasticity control with lower doses and fewer systemic side effects compared to oral baclofen, and it is a common treatment for severe spasticity. Choice D rationale A vagal nerve stimulator (VNS) is an implanted device used primarily as an adjunctive therapy to control partial-onset seizures or treat certain forms of depression. It works by sending electrical impulses to the brain via the vagus nerve in the neck. It is not indicated for the management of spasticity in cerebral palsy.