The client, a 15-year-old whose father has been suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) since returning from combat, is now seeing a counselor himself with reports of flashbacks that are similar to his father's symptoms. Which of the following interpretations of the client's behavior is supported by evidence?

Choice A reason: Psychosis involves hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. Flashbacks are trauma-related symptoms, not psychotic features. Choice B reason: Secondary trauma occurs when children of parents with PTSD internalize or mirror trauma symptoms. Evidence supports that children exposed to parental trauma may develop similar symptoms. Choice C reason: Pretending to have PTSD symptoms for secondary gain is not supported by evidence. This interpretation stigmatizes military children and ignores the real impact of trauma exposure. Choice D reason: Flashbacks are not characteristic of substance abuse. Substance abuse may cause cravings, withdrawal, or intoxication symptoms, but not trauma-related flashbacks.