The mother of a 12-year-old boy is concerned about the increasing number of times he shrugs his shoulders, rapidly blinks, and clears his throat. He is not taking any medications that would cause these behaviors. Which psychiatric condition is characterized by these features?

Choice A reason: ADHD primarily affects attention and impulse control, not involuntary motor or vocal tics. Choice B reason: Stuttering involves disruptions in speech fluency but does not include motor tics such as blinking or shoulder shrugging. Choice C reason: Oppositional defiant disorder is characterized by defiant and argumentative behavior, not involuntary tics. Choice D reason: Tourette syndrome is characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic, which may include blinking, shoulder shrugging, and throat clearing, consistent with the patient’s presentation.