The mother of a 9-year-old boy explains to the PMHNP that he has a 6-month history of excessive eye blinking and grunting, and he recently began persistently clearing his throat. Assessment of co-occurring conditions is important for understanding the overall functional consequences of tics. Which of the following conditions has been associated with tic disorders?

Choice A reason: This is the correct answer. Tic disorders, including Tourette disorder, frequently co-occur with obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders. Compulsive behaviors can exacerbate functional impairment and should be assessed for comprehensive management. Choice B reason: While tic disorders can co-occur with autism spectrum disorder in some cases, the association is less common and not as characteristic as with OCD-related conditions. Choice C reason: Global developmental delay is a broader developmental condition and is not typically associated with tic disorders. Choice D reason: Intellectual disability is not commonly linked to tic disorders; most children with tics have normal cognitive development.