The nurse cares for a client with genetically high melanin density. What complication is the client at increased risk for developing?

A. Acne develops primarily due to overactive sebaceous glands, hormonal fluctuations, and bacterial colonization of the skin, particularly Propionibacterium acnes. While acne may occur in people of all skin types, genetically high melanin density does not predispose an individual to developing acne. Therefore, it is not a complication specifically associated with increased melanin levels. B. Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory reaction caused by exposure to irritants or allergens. It is not directly related to melanin density. People with high melanin may experience contact dermatitis similarly to others, but having more melanin does not inherently increase the risk of developing this condition. C. Darker skin contains higher levels of melanin, which reduces the skin’s ability to synthesize vitamin D from sunlight. While this is a known risk factor for vitamin D deficiency, the question asks specifically about a skin-related complication, not a nutritional or systemic condition. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency is not the most appropriate answer here. D. Keloids are excessive overgrowths of scar tissue that develop at the site of skin injury, often extending beyond the original wound margins. People with genetically higher melanin density, particularly individuals of African, Hispanic, or Asian descent, have a higher predisposition to keloid formation. The increased melanin is associated with more active fibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen deposition, which contributes to abnormal scarring. Keloids can result from minor skin injuries, surgical incisions, piercings, or even acne lesions.